INDONESIAN ETHNIC

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        This blog is tell about Indonesian ethnics precisely about Traditional House, clothes, weapon and custom. But not in all province. As you known Indonesia have 34 province. So I just tell aboutToraja Ethnic at South Sulawesi exactly.

So, here we are ...

TORAJA TRADITIONAL HOUSE

“TONGKONAN”

                                                                        

            Sulawesi (formerly known as The Celebes) is a large island, extraordinarily contorted in shape, lying between Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and the Maluku Island group (also known as The Molluccas). It is an island abundant in natural resources with a rich and varied array of cultures including some of the most distinctive and anthropologically significant in Indonesia. The dominant groups of the island are the seafaring and once piratical 

        The Toraja, of South Sulawesi are, however, arguably one of the most distinctive of ethnic groups in all Indonesia  

                        

The name Toraja is of Bugis origin and is given to the people of rugged northern part of the south peninsula. The Toraja are a proto-Malay people whose origins lie in mainland South East Asia, possibly Cambodia. Like many Indonesian ethnic groups, the Toraja were head-hunters and participants in inter-village raids; villages were thus located strategically on hill tops and were heavily fortified. The Dutch colonialists pacified the Toraja and led them to build their villages in valleys and changed their agriculture from a slash and burn variety to wet-rice cultivation, and pig and buffalo raising.The Toraja’s are largely Christian and animist.

Tongkonan is the traditional ancestral house, or rumah adat of the Torajan people, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tongkonan have a distinguishing boat-shaped and oversized saddleback roof. Like most of Indonesia’s Austronesian-based traditional architecture tongkonan are built on piles. The construction of tongkonan is laborious work and it is usually built with the help of all family members or friends. In the original Toraja society, only nobles had the right to build tongkonan. Commoners live in smaller and less decorated homes called banua.The word 'Tongkonan' is derived from the Toraja word tongkon (‘to sit’) and literally means the place where family members meet.

According to the Torajan myth, the first tongkonan house was built in heaven by PuangMatua, the Creator. It was built on four poles and the roof was made of Indian cloth. When the first Torajan ancestor descended to earth, he imitated the heavenly house and held a big ceremony. An alternative legend, describes the Toraja arriving from the north by boats, but caught in a fierce storm, their boats were so badly damaged that they used them as roofs for their new houses.

There are three types of tongkonan. Tongkonan layuk is the house of the highest authority and it is used as the center of government. The second type is tongkonanpekamberan, which belongs to the family group members, who have some authorities in local traditions (known as adat). The last one is tongkonanbatu, which belongs to the ordinary family members.

TORAJA TRADITIONAL CLOTHES

          Toraja has a wide range of traditional clothing among them is Sepa Tallung Buku,, Pokko and Kandore Clothes. Even one of them has been the world's attention in the event held in South Korea.

1. Sepa Tallung Buku

          Traditional clothing Toraja is a long knee-length clothing. Sepa Tallung Buku is a Toraja custom clothing used by men. Comes with other accessories such as Kandaure, Gayang, Lipa ', etc.

          This outfit has even been the world's attention in the event Manhunt International 2011 held in South Korea. A lot of praise is given through several media including websites that talk about custom clothing used by participants from Indonesia. Clothing that is used is a modification of Seppa Tallung Buku clothing equipped with wings and horns that depict the greatness and grandeur of one of the Indonesian culture.

2. Pokko Clothes

          The next one of Toraja's traditional clothes with short sleeves with yellow, red and white dominance. Pokko clothes are traditional clothes worn by women.

          Reporting from tribuntoraja.com, Tana Toraja people themselves still preserve their customary clothing by requiring all civil servants in the District of Tana Toraja to use Pokko clothes every Saturday. For male civil servants are also required to use Seppa Tallung Buku every Saturday.

3. Kandore

          In addition to Pokko clothes, Kandore is also a custom Tana Toraja clothes that are destined for women. This one custom clothing is a custom shirt decorated with beads made necklaces, bracelets, belts and headband

TORAJA TRADITIONAL WEAPON

“BADIK”

           

          Badik or badek is a knife with a distinctive shape developed by Bugis and Makassar people. Badik side sharp single or double, with a length of about half a meter. Like a dagger, the shape is asymmetrical and the blade is often decorated with prestige. However, different from kris, badik never has marijuana (buffer slats). Not only mystical, badik also has economic value and high artistic value.

            Badik as one kind of object result of a process of metal forging technology activity is a manifestation of the material culture of the people of South Sulawesi. Badik as a cultural object, understood and trusted by the community has a variety of functions and uses are not limited only as a sharp weapon, people believe that badik has a certain value and meaning.

            Badik is held like holding a gun only this is not a firearm. Badik is held with one hand with the four fingers (index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger) on the front of the handle and the thumb on the back of the handle touching the index finger and middle finger.

TORAJA TRADITIONAL CULTURE

“RAMBU SOLO”

Rambu Solo 'is a very festive tradition event in Tana Toraja, as it takes days to celebrate. This ceremony is usually performed during the day, as the sun begins to westward and usually takes 2-3 days. Even up to two weeks for the nobility. His own grave was made at the top of a cliff at the height of a rock hill. Because according to the belief of Aluk To Dolo (belief of Tana Toraja people before, before the entry of Christianity and Islam) among the Tana Toraja, the higher the place of the body is laid, the faster the spirit to nirvana.

               In aluk religion, only noble families are entitled to hold large funeral parties. A noble funeral party is usually attended by thousands of people and lasts for several days. A funeral cemetery called rante is usually prepared on a vast meadow, as well as a mourner's presence, as well as a rice granary, and other funeral devices made by abandoned families. Flute music, singing, song and poetry, weeping and weeping are expressions of grief undertaken by the Toraja tribe but they do not apply to the burial of children, the poor, and the lower class.

               The funeral ceremony is sometimes only held after weeks, months, even years since the death in question, with the aim that the abandoned family can raise enough money to cover the funeral expenses. The Toraja believe that death is not something that comes suddenly but a gradual process leading to Puya (the world of spirits, or the hereafter). In the waiting period, the corpse was wrapped in several pieces of cloth and stored under tongkonan. The soul of the dead is believed to remain in the village until the funeral ceremony is completed, after which the spirit will travel to Puya.

               Another part of the cemetery is the slaughter of buffalo. The more powerful a person is, the more buffalos are slaughtered. The slaughter is done by using a machete. The Toraja believe that the spirits need the buffalo to travel and will be faster in Puya if there are many buffaloes. The slaughter of dozens of buffaloes and hundreds of pigs is the culmination of a funeral ritual that is accompanied by music and dances of young men who catch splattered blood with long bamboo. Some of the meat was given to the guests and recorded because it would be considered a debt to the family of the deceased.

This blog made by group :

DHIVA YUNIARTI

DINA NISRINA

FHEBY MOUDYA

  GITA AMALIA 

IMELDA

ENGLISH TEACHER : Mr. SUDARMONO, S.Pd

From class :

XII MIA 8

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 5 JAMBI

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